奈良 Deer of the Divine

It took me 6 months, but I eventually did the thing that everyone does in their one week of visiting Kyoto – I visited Nara. Nara is an ancient capital of Japan, preceding Kyoto as the imperial capital, and it gives its name to the Nara period (710 – 794). The Nara period can be characterised as the time of ‘Buddhism-fever’ among the elite in Japan, and both the rise and fall of Nara as a capital can be attributed to this ‘fever’. We visited a few different parts of Nara so this will be a multi-part post so that it doesn’t get too long. While the Buddhist aspect is interesting I actually want to start with the most obvious thing about Nara when you visit: the deer.

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Leaving the train station and walking up a short way, you instantly come across the deer just wandering around. There is no fence to stop them from going on the road or any official ‘deer-limit’, they can do what they want. There were several small stalls run by old ladies selling ‘deer biscuits’ for around 200円 for 15 biscuits. The deer love the biscuits and don’t love you; if you don’t have biscuits then they won’t come near you. If they feel  you’re withholding biscuits that they know you have, they’ll pull at your clothes with their mouths. The best thing about the deer is that they have been taught to bow; if you hold your biscuit up and nod the deer will bow back at you, hoping you’ll then give him a biscuit and stop making him do stupid tricks.

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I was actually very allergic to the deer, which shouldn’t have been a surprise as I am allergic to horses, cats, and most things with fur. Even so, I stupidly forgot to bring allergy medicine so I had the joy of hunting down a 薬屋 Kusuri-ya (like a pharmacy but over the counter drugs only, prescription shops are separate). We eventually found one and I got given some really weak pills; normally piriton or piriteze from the UK would clear me up within 20 minutes whereas with this medicine, even though I took 4 tablets, did basically nothing. I ended up taking double the dose recommended (Japanese dosage seems to assume everyone is a small child) and eventually felt better and able to enjoy my day. If you are allergic to animals, bring allergy medicine to Japan, do not rely on Japanese medicine.

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The deer of Nara have been worshipped as divine messengers of the gods for centuries, if not a millennium. The reason for this sacred nature ties into one of Nara’s main sites, Kasuga Shrine. The Kasuga Great Shrine, 春日大社 Kasuga-taisha, is the family temple of the powerful Fujiwara clan 藤原. Founded by the Fujiwara family in 768, it is said that one of the enshrined deities, Takemikazuchi-no-mikoto, appeared on Mikasa mountain riding a white deer. Since then the deer of Nara have been considered sacred servants of the gods, and until 1637 killing one of the deer was an offence punishable by death. Though they have lost their divine status post World War II, they remain a national treasure of Japan.

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The Fujiwara clan are well known for their influence and power in court throughout Japanese history. The Fujiwara had a tactic of marrying their daughters to the imperial family, producing crown prince grandchildren, which, upon ascending the Chrysanthemum Throne, would owe loyalty to their maternal grandfather. They made use of this system from the Nara period all they way through to the Meiji period, making the Fujiwara a more constant power than the Shogunates in Japanese history.

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The deity that was seen riding the deer is an interesting character in himself. A god of thunder, he is credited with the first recorded sumo match in Japanese mythology; a hand to hand match against another god which he won. This god, Takemikazuchi-no-mikoto, is also credited with earthquakes, as his wrestling with a giant catfish causes tremors that shake the land. This was a theme in a lot of Edo period prints, such as the one below.

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The shrine itself was busy as they had a special opening of the interior shrine for the public. They had relocated the gods to a different section of the shrine so that the public could walk around the inner enclosure without insulting the deities that live there. It would have been more interesting had we understood everything that was going on, but I still enjoyed it. We saw the large X shaped roofs of the inner shrine, indicating that male gods were enshrined there; male gods’ roofs have large upwards thrusting X shapes whereas female gods have flatter X’s with curved ends. The other three gods enshrined at the shrine are less interesting than the sumo-starting catfish-wrestler; two are ancestors of the Fujiwara clan, and the last is Futsunushi, god of swords and martial arts.

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The shrine is also famous for the large number of stone and bronze lanterns surrounding and inside the shrine. During O-bon and a festival in February, they light all the lanterns at once. I would love to see it but I fear I will be home by O-bon.

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We also climbed the famed Mt Mikasa where the god was said to have appeared on his deer. I was pretty reluctant to climb but I did enjoy it once we got to the top. The view of Nara was spectacular and even up on the mountain we found deer eager for the deer biscuits we had bought at the bottom. There were also lots of beautiful cherry blossoms on the walk up, making the climb much nicer.

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There was a snack shop at the top of the mountain which I hoped had Coke Zero, but alas I had to settle for calpis, that wonderfully named yoghurty soda. Sadly they only had flat calpis, which is even more questionable than the fizzy variety. It tastes a little like that watery liquid that forms when you keep plain yogurt in the fridge. Its okay I suppose. Neither of my parents were impressed. I can’t help but think the name doesn’t really give it the best first impression.

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This covers the Shinto aspect of my trip to Nara; much like the Meiji government in 1868 I am dividing the two religions of Shinto and Buddhism in half for the sake of this blog, but there are elements of Shinto mixed into Buddhism and vice-versa. I hope to have part two of my trip up soon!

哲学の道 The Philosopher’s Blossom

This post will be part two of my visit to Philosopher’s walk 哲学の道 (part one here). All of these temples, including the two previously covered, were along a short forty-minute-walk stretch. There will be lots of pictures of cherry blossom, or sakura 桜 so if you didn’t get enough of that from my last post, here’s some more!

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The first temple we visited that day was also the smallest. Miroku-in 弥勒院 was a small courtyard with the stamp booth on the outside facing the path. There was a small market going on inside the temple with a few stalls selling pottery, purses and other hand-made objects. As such we did not spend much time in the actual temple courtyard as it was really crowded – a problem with being directly on the Philosopher’s walk is that the temple was far more crowded than those slightly apart from the road.

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Miroku-in is a temple from 1600 that was combined with another small temple in 1896 and was then moved in 1927 to its current location on Phiosopher’s walk. The temple is famous for the statue of Jizo, god of travellers and children, enshrined there which is known as the ‘Jizo of Happiness’ and is said to bring happiness to those that pray at the temple. This statue was inherited by the temple during World War 2. I got two stamps at this temple, one general stamp and a prayer to Jizo. There were lanterns hanging outside the temple that read ‘Jizo of happiness’ and the prayer tablets also showed a very merry looking Jizo. It was a nice quick temple with a lot of character, even if it was a little busy.

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In a bid to get out of the crowds and find some more temples, we ventured off the main path to the East where there are several temples nestled in the woods. The first we came across was Honen-in 法然院, which is a temple dedicated to its namesake, Honen, the founder of the Jodo sect of Buddhism. We have encountered Honen before when exploring temples; he was the monk that upset many other sects by stating that Buddhist chants were the only way to reach the Pure Land and by placing lay monks on the same level as those that had served many years, messing up temple hierarchies. This unpopularity was only increased when, in 1207, two female attendants of the retired emperor converted to Jodo Buddhism and became nuns – there were rumours that the two monks that had converted them had seduced the attendants and the two monks were put to death while Honen was exiled.

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Honen-in was founded in 1680 to honour Honen; though he fell out of favour with the imperial family during his lifetime, he was pardoned before his death and became a prominent figure in Japanese Buddhsim and is celebrated as the founder of Jodo Buddhism. The temple itself was beautiful and we were able to venture inside the sprawling temple buildings. Thankfully as it is now getting warmer my feet did not freeze on the cold temple floor this time – you must take your shoes off to enter a Buddhist temple which can be problematic in the winter when the cold floor causes your feet to go numb!

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This temple also had a beautiful collection of screens that were well worth visiting. Sadly photography wasn’t allowed but I have a few sneaky pictures. I would recommend going to check them out if you are in Kyoto!

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Our next stop, and tying in well to the history of Honen-in, was Anraku-ji 安楽寺. This temple is dedicated to those two young priests that converted the retired emperor’s attendants and were executed for allegedly seducing them. Their story is that they built a thatched hut in Higashiyama to pray to the Amitabha Buddha. Two ladies, attendants of the retired emperor Gotoba, came to hear their teachings and were sou touched that they became nuns and renounced the world. This incensed the imperial family and nembutsu prayers, the Buddhist chants key to Jodo Buddhism, were banned. The two priests were executed. It is unclear as to whether anything untoward or indecent actually went on, but in the already tense environment surrounding Jodo Buddhism, this was the final straw for the imperial family.

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This temple was constructed in 1532 in memory of these two young men. It is also well known as a temple that holds an annual festival on July 25th at which they serve pumpkin that supposedly cures paralysis. I have no idea where this myth comes from but it seems fairly obvious that the story would involved a paralysed man eating pumpkin. Strange, but worth a try I suppose. There is also a tea room at Anraku-ji if you fancy a rest and a drink. There isn’t really much else there; a small garden and a nice view of the main building is mostly what you will get out of this temple.

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The next two temples we visited were covered on my previous post about Philosopher’s Walk, so we will jump to the final stop on our trip. Before that, though, I’ll tell you a little about the walk itself. It is called Philosopher’s walk because it was the favourite walking spot of famous Kyoto philosopher Nishida Kitaro (1870 – 1945). I don’t really understand the nuances of philosophy well enough to properly convey his ideas, but I can tell you that he focussed on bringing Eastern and Western philosophical concepts closer, while also taking an interest in the Japanese concept of ‘nothingness’. He founded the Kyoto school, which is a group of influential Japanese philosophers based in Kyoto. I can see why he would walk down this path, it is serene and beautiful (especially when it isn’t packed with tourists looking at the blossoms).

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The walk itself was indeed packed with tourists as I had expected. There were also at least 4 different brides and grooms getting their photos taken among the blossoms; cherry blossom season must be very popular for weddings, and I can see why. We also saw some fish in the stream as well as some cats sitting in what looked like a pram being fawned over by a crowd of tourists. I was pretty hungry half-way through our walk so I picked up a potatornado, a spiralled potato that had been deep fried, like a long crisp. It was really tasty and it goes without saying the name is fantastic.

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Our final stop is Nyakuo Shrine 若王子神社, another smaller shrine close to Philosopher’s Walk. The reason for the small size of this shrine is that it was founded in 1160 as a combined Shinto shrine and Zen Buddhist temple, but when the government decreed the division of Shinto and Buddhism in 1868, only the Shinto elements of the complex remained (more information on this decreed split between Buddhism and Shinto in this post).

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We only got to see the best part of this shrine because I got my stamp done – the man that did the calligraphy told me that just up the hill around the back of the shrine there was a grove of sakura. We went to have a look and sure enough, there was a grove of the beautiful darker pink cherry blossom trees as well as a fairly good view of Kyoto. I think I prefer the darker pink blossoms as they contrast so well with the blue sky whereas the white ones, though beautiful, tend to look a little washed out in photos – the camera doesn’t capture their subtle light pink colour.

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Thus ends our stroll down Philosopher’s Walk, I hope you enjoyed the blossoms and the temples. If you haven’t quite had your blossom fix, there are more spring blogs coming, so never fear. I still have a huge backlog of material to write about!